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IELTS Reading Test 3 passage 1 - IELTS Simulation Test - Bioluminescence

Bioluminescence IELTS reading​

Bioluminescence

A. In the pitch-black waters of the ocean's aphotic zone-depths from 1000 m to the sea floor-good eye sight does not count for very much on its own. (Trong vùng nước tối đen như mực của vùng biển không có ánh sáng - ở độ sâu từ 1000m đến đáy biển - thị lực tốt không mang lại nhiều lợi ích.) Caves, in addition, frequently present a similar problem: the complete absence of natural light at any time of the day. (Ngoài ra, hang động cũng thường xuyên gặp phải một vấn đề tương tự: hoàn toàn không có ánh sáng tự nhiên vào bất kỳ thời điểm nào trong ngày.) This has not stopped some organisms from turning these inhospitable environments into their homes, and in the process many have created their own forms of light by developing one of the stunning visual marvels of the biological universe-bioluminescence. (Điều này không ngăn cản một số sinh vật biến những môi trường khắc nghiệt này thành nơi ở của chúng, và trong quá trình đó, nhiều loài đã tạo ra những hình thức phát sáng riêng bằng cách phát triển một trong những kỳ quan thị giác ấn tượng nhất của thế giới sinh học - hiện tượng phát quang sinh học.)

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B. Many people will encounter bioluminescence at some point in their life, typically in some form of glow-worm, which is found on most continents. North and South America are home to the "firefly", a glowing beetle which is known as a glow-worm during its larvae stage. Flightless glowing beetles and worms are also found in Europe, Asia, Australia and New Zealand. Less common flies, centipedes, mollusks and snails have bioluminescent qualities as well, as do some mushrooms. The most dramatic examples of bioluminescence, however, are found deep below the ocean's surface, where no sunlight can penetrate at all. Here, anglerfish, cookie-cutter sharks, flashlight fish, lantern fish, gulper eels, viper fish and many other species have developed bioluminescence in unique and creative ways to facilitate their lives.

C. The natural uses of bioluminescence vary widely, and organisms have learnt to be very creative with its use. Fireflies employ bioluminescence primarily for reproductive means—their flashing patterns advertise a firefly's readiness to breed. Some fish use it as a handy spotlight to help them locate prey. Others use it as a lure; the anglerfish, for example, dangles a luminescent flare that draws in gullible, smaller fishes which get snapped up by the anglerfish in an automated reflex. Sometimes bioluminescence is used to resist predators. Vampire squids eject a thick cloud of glowing liquid from the tip of its arms when threatened, which can be disorientating. Other species use a single, bright flash to temporarily blind their attacker, with an effect similar to that of an oncoming car which has not dipped its headlights.

D. Humans have captured and utilised bioluminescence by developing, over the last decade, a technology known as Bioluminescence Imaging (BLI). BLI involves the extraction of a DNA protein from a bioluminescent organism, and then the integration of this protein into a laboratory animal through trans- geneticism. Researchers have been able to use luminised pathogens and cancer cell lines to track the respective spread of infections and cancers. Through BLI, cancers and infections can be observed without intervening in a way that affects their independent development. In other words, while an ultra-sensitive camera and bioluminescent proteins add a visual element, they do not disrupt or mutate the natural processes. As a result, when testing drugs and treatments, researchers are permitted a single perspective of a therapy's progression.

E. Once scientists learn how to engineer bioluminescence and keep it stable in large quantities, a number of other human uses for it will become available. Glowing trees have been proposed as replacements for electric lighting along busy roads, for example, which would reduce our dependence on non-renewable energy sources. The same technology used in Christmas trees for the family home would also eliminate the fire danger from electrical fairy lights. It may also be possible for crops and plants to luminesce when they require watering, and for meat and dairy products to "tell us” when they have become contaminated by bacteria. In a similar way, forensic investigators could detect bacterial species on corpses through bioluminescence. Finally, there is the element of pure novelty. Children's toys and stickers are often made with glow-in-the-dark qualities, and a biological form would allow rabbits, mice, fish, and other pets to glow as well.

Câu hỏi Bioluminescence IELTS Reading​

Questions 1-5​

Reading Passage 1 has five sections, A-E.
Choose the correct headings for sections A-E from the list of headings below.
Write the correct number, i-ix, in boxes 1-5 on your answer sheet.

List of Headings
i Mushrooms that glow in the dark
ii Bright creatures on land and in the sea
iii Evolution's solution
iv Cave-dwelling organisms
v Future opportunities in biological engineering
vi Nature's gift to medicine
vii Bioluminescence in humans
viii Purposes of bioluminescence in the wild
ix Luminescent pets
  1. Section A
  2. Section B
  3. Section C
  4. Section D
  5. Section E

Questions 6-9​

Choose FOUR letters, A-G.
Write the correct letters in boxes 6-9 on your answer sheet.

Which FOUR uses are listed for bioluminescence in nature?

A. ways of attracting food
B. tracing the spread of diseases
C. mating signals
D. growing trees for street lighting
E. drug trials
F. defensive tactics
G. a torch to identify food

Questions 10-13​

Complete the sentences below.
Choose NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS from the passage for each answer.
Write your answers in boxes 10-13 on your answer sheet.

  1. The luminescent fluid that a Vampire Squid emits has a ............... effect on its predator.
  2. In order to use bioluminescence in a trans-genetic environment, ............... must first be removed from a bioluminescent creature.
  3. One advantage of BLI is that it could allow researchers to see how a treatment is working without altering or disturbing ............... .
  4. In the future, ............... may be able to use bioluminescence to identify evidence on dead bodies.

Đáp án​

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Reading Passage 1, Questions 1-13

  1. iii
  2. ii
  3. viii
  4. vi
  5. v

6-9. A C F G (in any order)

  1. disorientating
  2. DNA protein
  3. natural processes
  4. forensic investigators/scientists