Câu hỏi và đáp án bài nghe Test 4 section 4 - IELTS Cambridge 10 - Nanotechnology technology on a small scale
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Bài dịch Nanotechnology technology on a small scale IELTS listening
Nanotechnology
Today we're going to look at an important area of science, namely nanotechnology. So what is it? Nano means tiny, so it's science and engineering on the scale of atoms and molecules. The idea is that by controlling and rearranging atoms, you can literally create anything. However, as we'll see, the science of the small has some big implications affecting us in many ways.
Hôm nay chúng ta sẽ xem xét một lĩnh vực quan trọng của khoa học, đó là công nghệ nano. Vậy nó là cái gì? Nano có nghĩa là nhỏ bé, vì vậy nó là khoa học và kỹ thuật về quy mô của nguyên tử và phân tử. Ý tưởng đó là bằng cách kiểm soát và sắp xếp lại các nguyên tử, bạn thực sự có thể tạo ra bất cứ thứ gì. Tuy nhiên, như chúng ta thấy, khoa học về phần nhỏ có những quan hệ mật thiết to lớn ảnh hưởng đến chúng ta bằng nhiều cách.
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There's no doubt that nanotechnology promises so much for civilisation. However, all new technologies have their teething problems. And with nanotechnology, society often gets the wrong idea about its capabilities.
Numerous science-fiction books and movies have raised people's fears about nanotechnology - with scenarios such as inserting little nano-robots into your body that monitor everything you do without you realising it, or self-replicating nano-robots that eventually take over the world.
So how do we safeguard such a potentially powerful technology? Some scientists recommend that nano-particles be treated as new chemicals with separate safety tests and clear labelling. They believe that greater care should also be taken with nano-particles in laboratories and factories. Others have called for a withdrawal of new nano products such as cosmetics and a temporary halt to many kinds of nanotech research.
But as far as I'm concerned there's a need to plough ahead with the discoveries and applications of nanotechnology. I really believe that most scientists would welcome a way to guard against unethical uses of such technology. We can't go around thinking that all innovation is bad, all advancement is bad. As with the debate about any new technology, it is how you use it that's important. So let's look at some of its possible uses.
Thanks to nanotechnology, there could be a major breakthrough in the field of transportation with the production of more durable metals. These could be virtually unbreakable, lighter and much more pliable leading to planes that are 50 times lighter than at present. Those same improved capabilities will dramatically reduce the cost of travelling into space making it more accessible to ordinary people and opening up to totally new holiday destination.
In terms of technology, the computer industry will be able to shrink computer parts down to minute sizes. We need nanotechnology in order to create a new generation of computers that will work even faster and will have a million times more memory but will be about the size of a sugar cube
Nanotechnology could also revolutionise the way that we generate power. The cost of solar cells will be drastically reduced so harnessing this energy will be far more economical than at present.
But nanotechnology has much wider applications than this and could have an enormous impact on our environment. For instance, tiny airborne nano-robots could be programmed to actually rebuild the ozone layer, which could lessen the impact of global warming on our planet.
That's a pretty amazing thought, isn't it? On a more local scale, this new technology could help with the clean-up of environmental disasters as nanotechnology will allow us to remove oil and other contaminants from the water far more effectively
And, if nanotechnology progresses as expected - as a sort of building block set of about 90 atoms - then you could build anything you wanted from the bottom up. In terms of production, this means that you only use what you need and so there wouldn't be any waste.
The notion that you could create anything at all has major implications for our health. It means that we'll eventually be able to replicate anything. This would have a phenomenal effect on our society. In time it could even lead to the eradication of famine through the introduction of machines that produce food to feed the hungry.
But it's in the area of medicine that nanotechnology may have its biggest impact. How we detect disease will change as tiny biosensors are developed to analyse tests in minutes rather than days. There's even speculation nano-robots could be used to slow the ageing process, lengthening life expectancy.
As you can see, I'm very excited by the implications that could be available to us in the next few decades. Just how long it'll take, I honestly don't know.
Questions 31-33
Choose the correct letter, A, B or C.
Nanotechnology: technology on a small scale
31. The speaker says that one problem with nanotechnology is that
A it could threaten our way of life.
B it could be used to spy on people.
C it is misunderstood by the public.
32. According to the speaker, some scientists believe that nano-particles
A should be restricted to secure environments.
B should be used with more caution.
C should only be developed for essential products.
33. In the speaker's opinion, research into nanotechnology
A has yet to win popular support.
B could be seen as unethical.
C ought to be continued.
Questions 34-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
Uses of Nanotechnology
Transport
- Nanotechnology could allow the development of stronger 34 __________.
- Planes would be much lighter in weight.
- 35 __________ travel will be made available to the masses.
Technology
- Computers will be even smaller, faster, and will have a greater 36 __________.
- 37 __________ energy will become more affordable.
The Environment
- Nano-robots could rebuild the ozone layer.
- Pollutants such as 38 __________ could be removed from water more easily.
- There will be no 39 __________ from manufacturing.
Health and Medicine
- New methods of food production could eradicate famine.
- Analysis of medical 40 __________ will be speeded up.
- Life expectancy could be increased.
Đáp án
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Section 4, Questions 31-40
- C
- B
- C
- metal/metals
- space
- memory
- solar
- oil
- waste
- tests