Câu hỏi và đáp án bài nghe Test 3 section 4 - IELTS Cambridge 10 - Self-regulatory focus theory and leadership
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Questions 31-40
Complete the notes below.
Write ONE WORD ONLY for each answer.
'Self-regulatory focus theory' and leadership
Self-regulatory focus theory
People's focus is to approach pleasure or avoid pain
Promotion goals focus on 31____________
Prevention goals emphasise avoiding punishment
Factors that affect people's focus
The Chronic Factor
• comes from one's 32____________
The 33____________ Factor
• we are more likely to focus on promotion goals when with a 34____________
• we are more likely to focus on prevention goals with our boss
How people's focus affects them
Promotion Focus: People think about an ideal version of themselves, their 35____________ and their gains.
Prevention Focus: People think about their 'ought' self and their obligations.
Leaders
Leadership behaviour and 36____________ affects people's focus
Transformational Leaders:
- pay special attention to the 37____________ of their followers
- passionately communicate a clear 38____________
- inspire promotion focus in followers
Transactional Leaders:
- create 39____________ to make expectations clear
- emphasise the results of a mistake
- inspire prevention focus in followers
Conclusion
Promotion Focus is good for jobs requiring 40____________
Prevention Focus is good for work such as a surgeon
Leaders' actions affect which focus people use
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Section 4, Questions 31-40
- achievement / achievements
- personality / character
- Situational
- friend
- aspirations / ambitions
- style
- development
- vision
- structures
- innovation / innovations